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NJRAMD.ASM
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Assembly Source File
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1989-10-26
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42KB
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1,432 lines
; Nifty James' Famous Expanded Memory Disk Drive
; (C) Copyright 1987 by Mike Blaszczak. All Rights Reserved
; Version 1.01 of 24 May 1987
; Version 1.10 of 25 May 1987
; Version 1.15 of 31 May 1987
; Version 1.20 of 16 Oct 1987
; Shareware $10 Please contribute!
; Assemble with
; MASM NJRAMD;
; (Use MASM /DV286 NJRAMD; to assemble 286 version.)
; LINK NJRAMD;
; EXE2BIN NJRAMD.EXE NJRAMD.SYS
; DEL NJRAMD.EXE
; --> DEVICE DRIVER FORMAT FILE <--
; --> REMEMBER TO USE EXE2BIN <--
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; ASCII Characters
bell equ 7 ; bell character
tab equ 9 ; tab character
lf equ 10 ; linefeed
cr equ 13 ; carriage return
space equ 32 ; space
eos equ '$' ; end of DOS string
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
EMM equ 067h ; the E/EMS memory manager
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; I/O Ports
Speak equ 061h ; speaker port
SpeakMask equ 011111110b ; mask for speaker set bit
SpeakToggle equ 000000010b ; toggle bit for the speaker
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; DOS Calls
; These are DOS functions used by the driver.
DisplayOut equ 002h ; call to print a single character
PrintString equ 009h ; call to print a '$' string
GetDOSVersion equ 030h ; call to get the DOS version #
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; E/EMM Routines
; These are the E/EMM functions that we use. (These are specific functions
; of the EMM interrupt.)
E_PageBase equ 041h ; determine the Page Fram Base Addr
E_Counts equ 042h ; determine free/total mem
E_Open equ 043h ; open, allocate, obtain handle ID
E_MapPage equ 044h ; map a logical page into window
E_Version equ 046h ; get the E/EMM version number
E_Save equ 047h ; save mapping context
E_Restore equ 048h ; restore mapping context
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Driver Equates
; This is the media descriptor byte. Since our RAM drive is not 2 sided,
; does not have 8 sectors per track, and is not removable, we use 0F8h.
; At least, that's what the IBM DTR manual says.
MediaD equ 0F8h
; These are equates used by the driver. They are all status and
; error flags, as defined in the DOS Technical Reference Manual.
; FEDCBA9876543210 <- BIT NUMBERS
errorflag equ 01000000000000000b ; error bit flag
busystat equ 00000001000000000b ; busy status bit flag
donestat equ 00000000100000000b ; done status bit flag
err_writeprot equ 0 ; write protect violation
err_badunit equ 1 ; unknown unit number
err_notready equ 2 ; device not ready
err_unknown equ 3 ; unknown command
err_CRC equ 4 ; error CRC command
err_reqlen equ 5 ; bad request length
err_seek equ 6 ; seek failure
err_badmedia equ 7 ; bad media
err_badsector equ 8 ; sector not found
err_badwrite equ 10 ; write fault
err_badread equ 11 ; read fault
err_general equ 12 ; general failure
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Structure Definitions
; The structures defined here are used to find information in the
; various request header formats. Of course, being structures, they
; don't take up space... they are used to define offsets for the
; addressing of the request header.
rq equ es:[bx] ; base address used in routines
; -- Request Header (General Format)
rhead struc
rlen db ? ; length of the structure
unitn db ? ; unit number
command db ? ; command code
status dw ? ; status code (returned by us)
db 8 dup(?); reserved bytes
rhead ends
; -- Request Header (INIT Command)
inithead struc
db (type rhead) dup (?)
units db ? ; number of units
ndadro dw ? ; ending address offset
ndadrs dw ? ; ending address segment
bpboff dw ? ; BPB offset pointer
bpbseg dw ? ; BPB segment pointer
taglet db ? ; drive tag letter
inithead ends
; -- Request Header (Media Check)
mediahead struc
db (type rhead) dup (?)
media db ? ; our meida descriptor byte
change db ? ; changed media flag
mediahead ends
; -- Request Header (Build BPB)
bbpbhead struc
db (type rhead) dup (?)
db ? ; media descriptor byte
baoff dw ? ; transferr buffer address offset
baseg dw ? ; transferr buffer address segment
dw ? ; BIOS parameter block pointer
dw ? ; BIOS parameter block pointer
bbpbhead ends
; -- Request Header (Read and Write)
rwhead struc
db (type rhead) dup (?)
db ? ; media descriptor byte
tbaoff dw ? ; transferr buffer address offset
tbaseg dw ? ; transferr buffer address segment
count dw ? ; sector count
strtsec dw ? ; starting sector number
rwhead ends
; With these headers defined as they are, access to the request header
; and command info fields is greatly simplified. By setting ES:BX to
; point to the request header, the information can be easily referenced
; by using constructs such as
; mov rq.count,ax
; or
; mov al,rq.command
; Note that any part of the program can easily reference any particular
; command's structure, since the line
; db (type rhead) dup (?)
; makes all the command-specific structures "equivalent".
; Check to see if this is the 286 version
ifdef V286
.286
if1
%OUT Enhanced processor version
endif
ifdef PCL
if1
%OUT for the PC's Limited 286/386
endif
endif
else
if1
%OUT Standard Version
endif
endif
; This macro is used during debugging. It prints a single character
; via the BIOS screen interface, and leaves the registers unchanged.
ifdef DEBUG
if1
%OUT DEBUG Version
endif
PrintChar macro Char
ifdef PCL
push ax
mov al,Char
out 095h,al ; put it digit 3 of smartvu
pop ax
else
push ax ; save the regs
push bx
push dx
mov ah,15
int 010h ; get the current page
mov al,Char
mov ah,14 ; print the character
int 010h
xor dx,dx
mov ah,0 ; also to printer
mov al,Char
int 017h
pop dx
pop bx ;restore the regs
pop ax
endif
endm
else
PrintChar macro Char ; if not debugging, blow it off
endm
endif
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Public declarations for SYMDEB
; These are public declarations included to allow SYMDEB to know where
; various lables and addresses are. They are only needed for debugging,
; and serve no other useful purpose.
PUBLIC NextPlace
PUBLIC Attrib, JumpTable, TopCommand, RBPoint, RBPointOff, RBPointSeg, SaveSS
PUBLIC SaveSP, SaveAX, EMMHandle, EMMBase, StackTop, STRATPROC, Strategy
PUBLIC INTPROC, Interrupt, NoSaveM, FreakOut, IOCTLInput, ReadNoWait
PUBLIC InputStatus, InputFlush, badcommand, BigLog, NoRestore, MC, MediaCheck
PUBLIC BBPB, BuildBPB, BPBArray, OurBoot, OurBPB, SecSize, SecPerCluster
PUBLIC RDirLen, DiskSize, SecPerFAT, BootCode, TAddr, TAddrOff, TAddrSeg
PUBLIC TDone, TCount, TSector, RSEC, Read, ReadLoop, ReadDone
PUBLIC ReadFinish, ReadError, WSEC, Write, WriteLoop, WriteDone, WriteFinish
PUBLIC WriteError, CLIPPER, RangeError, InRange, SPEAKERCLICK, MakeClick
PUBLIC NoClick, SpeakerFlag, LastTime, GS, GetSector, CantGet, LastResident,
PUBLIC EMMPresent, GenFailHook, EMMPresent2, MemForMe, EatingWhite, GotOption
PUBLIC NoBump, NotSilence, PagesLoop, LastDigit, NotPages, NotUseAll,
PUBLIC Unrecognized, EndOfLine, GoodSize, GotPages, BigBust, ReTry
PUBLIC GoodCombo, NoKludge, WipeOut, WipeOut2, FindFree, CalcEMMFree
PUBLIC CalcDiskFree, ClickOkay, MsgOkay, InitFail, GenFail, HowMuch
PUBLIC RqdPages, MajorVersion, OurVolume, Banner, EMMIDString, General
PUBLIC NoEMMThere, EMMError, Init, NoMem, TooBig, BadOption, NoClicking
PUBLIC Installed, DriveName, InstalledB, Installed2, UsedSpace, Bin2Dec
PUBLIC Bin2DecLoop, Bin2DecDigit, WorkAreaL, WorkAreaH
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
driver segment para public
assume cs:driver,ds:driver,es:driver,ss:driver
org 0 ; drivers begin at zero
firstplace equ this byte ; this is the first byte
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Device Header
; This area contains the header information. It is used by DOS when loading
; the device driver, and it contains information used to describe the
; driver to the DOS environment.
NextPlace dw -1,-1 ; pointer to next driver
Attrib dw 00010000000000000b ; attribute word
;FEDCBA9876543210
; device is non-ibm and block mode
; doesn't support IOCTL, is not
; a network device
dw offset Strategy ; the strategy entry
dw offset Interrupt ; the interrupt entry
db 1,'NJ_DISK' ; Nifty James' Disk!
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
JumpTable label word
; This area is a "Jump Table" that is used to dispatch the code.
; Only the functions marked with a "*" in their comment field
; are actually implemented. (Since this is a block device, only
; some of the areas are actually used.)
dw offset Init ; 0 * initialize
dw offset MediaCheck ; 1 * media check
dw offset BuildBPB ; 2 * build BIOS parameter block
dw offset IOCTLInput ; 3 I/O Control (Input)
dw offset Read ; 4 * read from device
dw offset ReadNoWait ; 5 read from device (nondest,
; no wait, char only)
dw offset InputStatus ; 6 input status
dw offset InputFlush ; 7 flush pending input
dw offset Write ; 8 * Write data
dw offset Write ; 9 * Write data with Verify
;
; dw offset OutputStat ; 10 Output status
; dw offset OutputFlush ; 11 flush pending output
; dw offset IOCTLOutput ; 12 I/O Control (Output)
; dw offset DeviceOpen ; 13 Open Device
; dw offset DeviceClose ; 14 Close Device
; dw offset Removeable ; 15 Removable media check
;
; (The commands above 9 are all not implemented -- we don't
; make entries for them to optimize for space (and speed).
; The equate TopCommand must be set to the last used
; command code.)
TopCommand equ 9 ; highest valid command
RBPoint label dword ; Pointer to request buffer
RBPointOff dw 0 ; offset part
RBPointSeg dw 0 ; segment part
SaveSS dw 0 ; save place for the SS register
SaveSP dw 0 ; save place for the SP register
SaveAX dw 0 ; save place for the accumulator
EMMHandle dw 0 ; our handle, as assigned by the EMM
EMMBase dw 0 ; base of the EMM physical window
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; TDATA
; This is a "temporary" data area that is used to hold the data used
; by the transfer routines.
TAddr label dword
TAddrOff dw 0 ; the transferr (read to, write from)
TAddrSeg dw 0 ; address
TDone dw 0 ; count of sectors done
TCount dw 0 ; number of sectors to do
TSector dw 0 ; the sector to be transfer
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; The local stack
even ; make the stack a word-aligned area
dw 64 dup (0DEADh)
StackTop:
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Strategy Entry Point For the Device Driver
; This routine simply stores the pointer to the request header
; so that request header has it. That's all it does. Really.
STRATPROC proc far
Strategy:
mov cs:RBPointOff,bx
mov cs:RBPointSeg,es ; just store the pointer
ret ; and get outta here!
; (isn't it ironic that the shortest routine is called "Strategy"?)
STRATPROC endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Interrupt Entry Point For the Device Driver
; This routine executes the command contained in the passed request header.
; DOS has called STRATEGY, and that routine stored a pointer to the request
; header for our use. We will construct our own stack area because the
; EMM uses a great deal of stack space.
INTPROC proc far
Interrupt:
PrintChar 'D'
mov CS:SaveSS,ss ; save the SS register
mov CS:SaveSP,sp ; save the SP register
mov CS:SaveAX,ax
cli
mov ax,offset StackTop ; initialize our stack
mov sp,ax
mov ax,cs
mov ss,ax
sti
ifdef V286
pusha
else
push bx ; save the other regs
push cx
push dx
push bp
push si
push di
endif
pushf ; and the flags
cld ; set the string direction up
push es
push ds
mov ds,ax ; setup the data segment register
mov ax,0FFFFh ; wipe out any memory of previous
mov LastTime,ax ; page mappings
; Note that during calls we use DS to point to our local data
; and ES to point to the request header.
les bx,RBPoint ; get the request buffer
mov al,rq.command ; get the command
cbw
; be sure that the command is in our range
cmp al,TopCommand ; fifteen is the highest for us
jg badcommand ; too high! bad command
; it's a good command - be on the lookout for an unorthodox
; initialization call
or al,al ; is it function zero?
je NoSaveM ; yes, don't save the map context
push ax ; no, save the AX register
mov ah,E_Save ; save the mapping context
mov dx,EMMHandle ; under our handle
int EMM ; ask the manager to do it
or ah,ah ; if there was an error,
jnz FreakOut ; freak out!
pop ax ; if not, get the AX back
NoSaveM: shl ax,1 ; (one word offset = 2 bytes)
mov si,ax
; fake a "short call" by setting the return address to the exit routine
mov ax,offset BigLog
push ax
xor ax,ax ; clear our status
jmp cs:JumpTable[si] ; and hop to it!
jmp short BigLog
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; We come here if we run into an EMM error. We'll set the "General
; Failure" flag, and return to MS-DOS
FreakOut: mov rq.status,(errorflag+err_general)
; general failure
; and error settings
jmp short BigLog
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Ran into an unsupported command - set the flag in the status word.
IOCTLInput:
ReadNoWait: ; those table entries are invalid commands
InputStatus:
InputFlush:
pop ax ; (forget about the short call)
badcommand:
mov ax,(err_unknown+errorflag) ; an unknown command err
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; This is the mass exit; everone splits through this point! When we
; arrive here, the AX reg will contain the word to be put into the
; status word. We'll do that:
BigLog:
PrintChar 'X'
les bx,cs:RBPoint ; point to the request block
push ax
mov al,rq.command ; was it an init?
and al,al ; yes! don't restore
pop ax
je NoRestore
push ax
mov ah,E_Restore ; restore the EMS
mov dx,EMMHandle ; mapping context
int EMM
or ah,ah ; if there was an error
pop ax
jnz FreakOut
NoRestore: or ax,donestat ; set the done status
mov rq.status,ax
; Now, we just undo the registers.
pop ds ; the seg regs
pop es
popf ; the flags
ifdef V286
popa
else
pop di
pop si ; and the data regs
pop bp
pop dx
pop cx
pop bx
endif
PrintChar 'd'
cli
mov ax,CS:SaveAX
mov sp,CS:SaveSP ; restore the calling stack
mov ss,CS:SaveSS
sti
ret
INTPROC endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; MEDIA CHECK
; This command checks to see if the media has been removed and replaced.
; Since a RAM drive is non-removable media, this command will always
; return a "false".
MC proc near
PrintChar 'M'
MediaCheck:
mov rq.change,1 ; media has not been changed
PrintChar 'm'
ret ; return to leave
MC endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; BUILD BIOS PARAMETER BLOCK
; This command simply "builds" a BPB by telling DOS where it is located.
BBPB proc near
BuildBPB:
PrintChar 'P'
mov rq.bpboff,offset OurBPB ; the offset
mov rq.bpbseg,cs ; in our CS
PrintChar 'p'
ret
BPBArray dw offset OurBPB
OurBoot: db 0,0,0
db 'NiftyEMS' ; whodat?
OurBPB:
SecSize dw 512 ; standard DOS sector size
SecPerCluster db 1 ; sectors per allocation unit
dw 1 ; number of reserved sectors
db 1 ; number of copies of the FAT
RDirLen dw 32 ; number of root directory entries
DiskSize dw 1024 ; number of sectors on the disk
db MediaD ; (media descriptor)
SecPerFAT dw 1 ; number of sectors per FAT
dw 8 ; sectors per track
dw 1 ; number of heads
dw 0 ; number of hidden sectors
BootCode:
OurBootLen equ this byte - OurBoot
BBPB endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; READ
; This command reads the specified number of sectors starting at the
; given sector. It returns the number of sectors actually read. Errors
; are returned if the sector is out of range, or if the number of sectors
; is past the end of the disk. (The error checking is done in the
; CLIPPER procedure.) This procedure doesn't do much itself. It's
; body is mostly a string move instruction. The starting address
; and ending address are set up by the CLIPPER procedure.
RSEC proc near
Read:
ifdef PCL
mov al,'N'
out 097h,al
mov al,'J'
out 096h,al ; display "NJ-R" on Smart-Vu
mov al,'-'
out 095h,al
mov al,'R'
out 094h,al
endif
PrintChar 'R'
call CLIPPER ; do the clipping, if need be
ReadLoop: mov ax,TCount ; are we done transferring yet?
cmp TDone,ax
je ReadDone ; yes! quit the loop
mov ax,TSector ; no ... do some more!
call GetSector
jc ReadError
PrintChar 'y'
mov si,di ; setup the get from address
les di,TAddr ; get the store to address
mov cx,256 ; number of words to move
mov ds,EMMBase
rep movsw ; move it!
mov ax,cs ; get addressing back
mov ds,ax
add TAddrOff,512 ; increment transferr address
inc TDone
inc TSector
jmp short ReadLoop
ReadDone: xor ax,ax ; clear error flags
ReadFinish: les bx,[RBPoint] ; point to request header
mov dx,TDone ; store actual transferred
mov rq.Count,dx
jmp MakeClick ; finish clicking
ReadError: mov ax,(err_badread+errorflag) ; there was an error!
jmp short ReadFinish
RSEC endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; WRITE
; This command writes the specified number of sectors starting at the
; given sector. It returns the number of sectors actually written.
; Errors are returned if the sector is out of range, or if the number
; of sectors is past the end of the disk. (The error checking is done
; in the CLIPPER procedure.) The procedure does very little itself;
; it's body consists mostly of a string move instruction. The
; source, destination, and other counts are set up by the CLIPPER
; procedure.
WSEC proc near
Write:
ifdef PCL
mov al,'N'
out 097h,al
mov al,'J'
out 096h,al ; display "NJ-W" on Smart-Vu
mov al,'-'
out 095h,al
mov al,'W'
out 094h,al
endif
PrintChar 'W'
call CLIPPER ; do the clipping, if need be
WriteLoop: mov ax,TCount ; are we done transferring yet?
cmp TDone,ax
je WriteDone ; yep, we are, quit the loop
mov ax,TSector ; no ... do some more!
call GetSector
jc WriteError
PrintChar 'k'
mov es,EMMBase
lds si,cs:TAddr ; get the store to address
mov cx,256 ; number of words to move
rep movsw ; move it!
mov ax,cs ; reset addressing back
mov ds,ax
add TAddrOff,512 ; increment transferr address
inc TDone ; count of sectors
inc TSector ; and current sector number
jmp short WriteLoop
WriteDone: xor ax,ax ; clear error flags
WriteFinish: les bx,[RBPoint] ; point to request header
mov dx,TDone ; store actual transferred
mov rq.Count,dx
jmp MakeClick ; finish clicking
WriteError: mov ax,(err_badwrite+errorflag) ; there was an error!
jmp short WriteFinish
WSEC endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Clipper
; This local procedure checks the parameters passed to the READ and
; WRITE commands to be sure that they are valid. If they are indeed
; valid, it will call the speaker click procedure to take care of
; the "audible" options. It also saves the context of the EMM, and
; sets up the EMM to work with our process.
CLIPPER proc near
mov cx,rq.strtsec ; get the starting sector number
mov TSector,cx
cmp cx,DiskSize ; is it larger than the drive?
jg RangeError ; yes! there's an error
mov ax,rq.count
mov TCount,ax ; save it for later
add cx,ax ; add in the number of sec to read
cmp cx,DiskSize ; is it larger than life?
jle InRange ; no... it's okay
RangeError: pop ax ; forget our our return address
mov ax,err_badsector; that's a bad sector!
or ax,errorflag ; (and that's an error in my book)
mov rq.count,0 ; no sectors were read, you know
ret ; return back to the dispatcher
InRange: mov ax,rq.tbaoff ; get the transfer base addr
mov TAddrOff,ax
mov ax,rq.tbaseg
mov TAddrSeg,ax
xor ax,ax ; zero transferred count
mov TDone,ax
; just flow through to MakeClick
CLIPPER endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; This is a local procedure that clicks the speaker transparently. It
; is executed at the end of the CLIPPER procedure, which is excuted
; at the very beginning of the "READ" and "WRITE" functions. It is
; also JMP'd to at the end of the READ and WRITE routines, and the RET
; at the end of this procedure will return to the caller of the READ
; and WRITE functions. (Saves 2 bytes and a bunch of clocks, hey.)
SPEAKERCLICK proc near
MakeClick: pushf
cmp SpeakerFlag,0 ; should we?
je NoClick ; no, forget it happened
push ax ; yes, save the accumulator
in al,Speak
and al,SpeakMask ; mask out the bit we don't need
xor al,SpeakToggle ; toggle the control bit
out Speak,al ; and re-output it
pop ax ; retrieve the accumulator
NoClick: popf
ret ; return to the caller
SpeakerFlag db 1 ; one if we should be ticking
; (the default is ticking)
SPEAKERCLICK endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; GetSector
; This routine calls the EMM to map the page with the requested sector
; into the physical window. On entry, AX contains the requested sector.
; On exit, the EMS is setup so that the requested sector is in the window.
; [EMMBASE]:DI will point to it. This routine is rather funky; it does
; the mapping using the slippery shift functions, instead of using DIV
; or a lookup table. *SUPER FAST*!
GS proc near
GetSector:
PrintChar 'G'
cmp ax,DiskSize ; check the range!
jg CantGet
push ax ; save a copy of the number
ifdef V286
shr ax,5
else
mov cl,5
shr ax,cl ; divide the sector by 32
; so that AX=EMM Page
endif
cmp ax,LastTime ; is it the same thing
je Optimized ; we got last time?
mov LastTime,ax ; remember it for later
mov bx,ax ; nah, we'll have to get this one
mov ah,E_MapPage
mov al,0 ; map it into zero
mov dx,EMMHandle
int EMM
or ah,ah ; was there an error?
jne CantGet
Optimized: pop ax ; retrieve the remainder
and ax,01Fh ; mask out high bits of offset
ifdef V286
shl ax,9
else
mov cl,9
shl ax,cl ; find the offset of the sector
endif
mov di,ax
clc
PrintChar 'g'
jmp short MakeClick ; tick-tock on the way out
CantGet: pop ax ; forget the remainder, since there was err
stc ; set the error flag, if error
ret
; An ingenious optimization, if I must say so myself. This variable holds
; the last EMS logical page that was fetched by this routine. This way,
; the program never gets the same page twice in a row. It's reset to
; 0FFFFh by the Interrupt routine so that we won't forget to get a page
; when one hasn't been attained. (0FFFFh is a unique code that will never
; correspond to an actual page.) Since DOS often does more than one
; sequential read or write in a single call to the driver, this small
; feature can save quite a bit of time.
LastTime dw 0FFFFh
GS endp
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; This label marks the last byte of the device driver that actually
; remains resident. This driver takes less than 800 bytes, guaranteed.
LastResident:
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; INITIALIZE
; This command sets up the internal data used by NJRAMD. The procedure
; sets the EMM to get the number of pages that the user requests. (The
; information following the specification in the CONFIG.SYS file is
; parsed to find the user parameters. See the NJFRAMD.DOC file to find
; the format of the CONFIG information.) The procedure requests memory
; from the EMM
Init:
PrintChar 'I'
mov dx,offset Banner
mov ah,PrintString ; show our copyright!
int 21h
mov ah,GetDOSVersion ; get the DOS version
int 21h
mov MajorVersion,al
xor ax,ax ; point to the 0000 segment
mov es,ax
mov bx,(EMM*4)+2 ; find the EMM interrupt
mov ax,es:[bx]
mov es,ax ; point to the EMM device
mov di,10 ; header
mov si,offset EMMIDString ; point to the EMM identifier
mov cx,8
repz cmpsb ; compare a bunch of bytes
jz EMMPresent
mov dx,offset NoEMMThere ; point to our error
jmp InitFail ; the EMM isn't there!!
EMMPresent: ; the Extended Memory Manager is present. It's okay!
; get the EMM Page base, and save it for future reference.
mov ah,E_PageBase ; get the page base
int EMM
or ah,ah
je EMMPresent2 ; general failure?
GenFailHook: jmp GenFail ; (RELATIVE JMP OUT OF RANGE
EMMPresent2: mov EMMBase,bx ; save it for later
mov ah,E_Counts ; get count of available
int EMM ; memory
or ah,ah
jne GenFailHook ; general failure?
; (RELATIVE JMP OUT OF RANGE)
cmp bx,0 ; is there any left for me?
jne MemForMe
mov dx,offset NoMem ; print error
jmp InitFail
MemForMe: mov HowMuch,bx ; remember how much is left
; We will now attempt to parse the line of the CONFIG.SYS
; file to see if any of our options are on it.
les bx,[RBPoint] ; get pointer to header
les si,es:[bx+18] ; get pointer to commands
EatingWhite: mov al,es:[si] ; get the next byte
inc si
cmp al,cr ; is it a carriage return?
je EndOfLine
cmp al,'-' ; is it an option marker?
je GotOption ; yeah! go process it!
cmp al,'/'
jne EatingWhite ; no... go back for more
; We are now pointing at the text of an option. We will
; get the option into the al to see exactly what it is, and we
; will then act accordningly.
GotOption: mov al,es:[si] ; get the option
inc si ; and increment the pointer
cmp al,'a' ; bump it to upper case?
jl NoBump ; no need to
cmp al,'z'
jg NoBump ; no need to
sub al,('a' - 'A') ; make it lower case
NoBump: cmp al,'S' ; is it a silence option?
jne NotSilence ; no...
mov SpeakerFlag,0 ; yes, it is. Reset the option!
jmp EatingWhite ; and eat up until end of
; this option
NotSilence: cmp al,'P' ; is it the pages option?
jne NotPages
; We will handle the pages option by reading the command line until
; a non-numeric character. The resulting number will be the number
; of pages that the user requested.
xor dx,dx ; zero the result
PagesLoop: mov al,es:[si] ; get the character
inc si
cmp al,'0' ; is it a number?
jl LastDigit ; nope!
cmp al,'9' ; is it a number?
jg LastDigit ; note!
push ax ; save the digit temporarily
mov ax,10
mul dx ; multiply it out
pop dx ; pop the digit into dx
and dx,0Fh ; make a decimal digit of it
add dx,ax ; add it into the sum
jmp short PagesLoop
LastDigit: mov RqdPages,dx ; save requested number of pages
and dx,dx ; is the requested page number zero?
je BadPages ; yeah! can't have that
cmp al,cr ; was that last char a CR?
je EndOfLine ; yes! end of the parse
jne EatingWhite ; no, go back for more parsing
BadPages: mov dx,offset TooSmall
BadPages2: jmp InitFail
NotPages: cmp al,'A' ; is it use all memory?
jne NotUseAll
mov ax,HowMuch
mov RqdPages,ax ; request them all
jmp EatingWhite
NotUseAll:
Unrecognized: mov dx,offset BadOption ; don't install
jmp short BadPages2
EndOfLine: ; The parsing is done! We will now check to see if the
; requested size is bigger than the available memory.
mov ax,RqdPages ; is the reqested amount
cmp HowMuch,ax ; greater than available?
jge GoodSize ; no, size is good
mov dx,offset TooBig ; yes, that's an error
jmp InitFail
GoodSize: ; Now, we'll try to allocate that many pages. If the user
; didn't specify a number of pages, the default is 32 pages,
; which is 512k of storage.
mov bx,ax
mov ah,E_Open ; open a new handle of (BX) pages
int EMM
or ah,ah
je GotPages ; (RELATIVE JMP OUT OF RANGE)
jmp GenFail
GotPages: mov EMMHandle,dx ; save the handle for later
; We will now setup the information in the BPB to reflect the
; status of the RAM drive. First, we'll store the DiskSize.
mov ax,RqdPages ; get number of pages
ifdef V286
shl ax,5
else
mov cl,5 ; thirty-two 512-byte sectors
shl ax,cl ; in a 16384-byte page
endif
mov DiskSize,ax ; store it in BPB
; Now, we'll figure out how many entries there will be in the
; root directory. We will allow 1 root directory entry for
; each 2k of storage that the disk has. We won't allow moer
; than 512 root dir entries, though.
ifdef V286
shr ax,2
else
shr ax,1 ; figure out length of
shr ax,1 ; root directory
endif
cmp ax,512 ; 1 entry per 2k of storage
jl BigBust ; up to 512
mov ax,512
BigBust: add ax,31 ; make sure it's a multiple
and ax,not 31 ; of 32 (round it)
mov RDirLen,ax
; Since we use a 12-bit FAT, we must have 4087 clusters or less.
; We will start with a 1024-byte cluster, and double the cluster
; size until we have enough FAT space. The maximum amount of
; memory on a single EMS card is 2 megabytes. A user must
; configure about 3.75 megabytes of memory as a RAM drive to
; cause the program to use 2048-byte clusters... otherwise, the
; drive will have 1024-byte clusters.
mov cx,2 ; Two clusters per sector
; for starters.
ReTry: mov ax,DiskSize ; get the disk size
xor dx,dx
div cx ; AX = (DiskSize/SPC)
cmp ax,4087 ; is it less than 4087?
jl GoodCombo ; yeah!
shl cx,1 ; no. double the SPC and
jnc ReTry ; try it again
GoodCombo: mov SecPerCluster,cl ; save SPC number
; AX still is set to the number of clusters on the disk. Very
; useful number, you know. We will find now the amount of FAT
; space that is needed.
mov bx,ax ; ax = clustsers
add ax,ax ; ax = 2*(clusters)
add ax,bx ; ax = 3*(clusetrs)
shr ax,1 ; ax = 1.5*(clusters)
xor dx,dx ; (FAT Length)
mov cx,512 ; AX = ----------------
div cx ; (BytesPerSector)
or dx,dx ; is there a remainder?
je NoKludge
inc ax ; yes, add another sector
NoKludge: mov SecPerFAT,ax ; store it in the BPB
; The BPB is now set up properly. We will now "format" the
; RAM disk. First, we will have to set all the RAM area to
; zero. (Even on extremely large "drives", this doesn't take
; very long. Especially if you have an IBM PS/2 System 80 --
; and then, all the chicks will dig ya!)
mov cx,RqdPages ; get number of pages in disk
WipeOut: mov bx,cx ; ask for this page
dec bx
mov dx,EMMHandle ; into physical page zero
mov ah,E_MapPage
mov al,0
int EMM
or ah,ah
je WipeOut2 ; if there was an error, get out
jmp GenFail ; (RELATIVE JMP OUT OF RANGE)
WipeOut2: mov es,EMMBase ; get addressing to it
xor ax,ax ; store a zero
mov di,ax ; zero the destination
push cx
mov cx,8192 ; *words* in a page
repne stosw
pop cx
loop WipeOut ; if more, go back
; Now that everything is zeroed, we will copy the pseudo-boot
; sector that we have. DOS uses some of this information while
; reading and writing the disk, so we set it up there.
xor ax,ax ; get the 0 sector
call GetSector
mov es,EMMBase
mov si,offset OurBoot
mov cx,OurBootLen
rep movsb ; move it in there
; The boot sector has been written in. We will now set up
; the FAT. This task is rather simplified, since we only
; have one copy of the FAT.
mov ax,1
call GetSector ; get sector 1
mov byte ptr es:[di],MediaD
mov word ptr es:[di+1],0FFFFh
; Now, we will figure out where the first directory sector is.
; *WARNING* - This code assumes that there is only one copy of
; the FAT, and that there is one reserved sector. If ya change
; the drive to have 2 copies of the FAT, or modify it to have
; reserved sectors (for whatever reason you'd wanna do that),
; you'll have to change this code fragment!
mov ax,SecPerFAT
inc ax ; AX = first dir sector
call GetSector
mov si,offset OurVolume
mov cx,OurVolumeLen ; move words
rep movsw
; Phew! Now the whole thing is done! We will show the user
; what has been done. First, we will figure out what device
; tag that we have. We will tell the user about it. DOS versions
; earlier than 3.00 don't let us know what our device tag is,
; so we can't tell the user.
les bx,[RBPoint] ; point to the header, again
mov al,rq.taglet ; get the tag letter
add al,'A' ; change it to a capital drive letter.
mov DriveName,al
mov bx,offset LastResident ; calculate used size
xor ax,ax
mov si,offset UsedSpace
call Bin2Dec ; store it in the messgae
mov ah,E_Counts ; find amount of space left
int EMM ; in the EMS memory
or ah,ah
je FindFree
jmp GenFail
FindFree: xor ax,ax ; zero high side (the EMM call put
; the # of free pages in BX.)
mov cx,14 ; multiply the # of pages by 16k
CalcEMMFree: rcl bx,1 ; shift it low side
rcl ax,1 ; and carry though to high side
loop CalcEMMFree
mov si,offset Installed2
call Bin2Dec ; put it into the message!
mov ax,DiskSize ; get sectors of disk space
sub ax,SecPerFAT ; subtract space used by the FAT
mov bx,ax ; put that subtotal in bx
mov ax,RDirLen ; get the entries in the root dir
ifdef V286
shr ax,4
else
mov cl,4
shr ax,cl ; divide by # of entries per sec
endif
sub bx,ax ; subtract some more
dec bx ; and adjust down
mov cx,9 ; multiply the answer by 512
xor ax,ax ; zero the high side
CalcDiskFree: rcl bx,1 ; shift low side up
rcl ax,1 ; shift high side over, with carry
loop CalcDiskFree
mov si,offset Installed
call Bin2Dec ; store it in the message
mov al,SpeakerFlag ; is there clicking?
or al,al
jne ClickOkay
mov ah,PrintString
mov dx,offset NoClicking ; tell the user that it's
int 21h ; been diasbled.
ClickOkay: mov al,MajorVersion
cmp al,3 ; is it version three?
je MsgOkay
mov al,eos ; its version two
mov DriveName,al
MsgOkay: mov dx,offset Installed ;print part one of
mov ah,PrintString ; installed! message
int 21h
mov dx,offset InstalledB ;print part two
int 21h
les bx,[RBPoint] ; get that pesky pointer
mov ax,offset LastResident ; show DOS where we end
mov rq.ndadro,ax ; offset
mov ax,cs ; show DOS were we end
mov rq.ndadrs,ax ; segment
mov rq.bpbseg,ax ; show DOS the BPB array
mov rq.units,1 ; we installed one unit
mov ax,offset BPBArray ; BPB array offset
mov rq.bpboff,ax
xor ax,ax ; no return value
ret
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Init failure
; We will come here if there is a failure during the initialization
; of the driver. We print a message letting the user know why we can't
; install, and we then zero ourselves out so that DOS doesn't waste any
; memory on us.
InitFail: push dx ; save the specific error
mov dx,offset General
mov ah,PrintString
int 21h
pop dx ; now print specific error
mov ah,PrintString
int 21h
les bx,[RBPoint] ; point to the request header
mov ax,cs
mov rq.ndadrs,ax ; ending address is zero
xor ax,ax ; because no memory is taken
mov rq.ndadro,ax ; since we failed
mov rq.units,al ; no units, either
PrintChar 'i'
ret
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; General Failure
; There was an EMM Failure during the installation. If such is the case,
; we will terminate with an error message, and then go to the regular
; fail routine.
GenFail: mov dx,offset EMMError
jmp short InitFail
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Transient Data Area
; The TDA contains the variables used by the Initialization segment of
; the device driver. It doesn't stay resident.
HowMuch dw ? ; amount of free EMS, in pages
RqdPages dw 32 ; amount of pages requested
; (512k is the default)
MajorVersion db 3 ; the DOS major version number
OurVolume db 'Niftys_Disk' ; 11-byte volume name
db 000001000b ; volume label attribute
db 10 dup (0) ; reserved space
dw 953
;FEDCBA9876543210b
;YYYYYYYMMMMDDDDD
dw 00000111101011111b ; DATE = Oct 31, 1987
db 6 dup (0) ; more reserved space
OurVolumeLen equ 16
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Messages
; These are messages that are used by the initialization section of the
; driver.
Banner db cr,lf,"Nifty James Famous E/EMS RAMdisk Drive",cr,lf
db 'Copyright 1987 by Mike Blaszczak',cr,lf
db 'Version 1.20 of 16 Oct 1987',cr,lf
ifdef V286
ifdef PCL
db "PC's Limited Version",cr,lf
else
db 'Enhanced Processor Version',cr,lf
endif
endif
db lf,eos
EMMIDString db 'EMMXXXX0'
General db 'Device not installed.',cr,lf,eos
NoEMMThere db 'The EMM is not installed.',cr,lf,lf,eos
EMMError db 'EMM failure during installation.',cr,lf,lf,eos
NoMem db 'No free EMM Memory.',cr,lf,lf,eos
TooBig db 'Requested size too big to fit.',cr,lf,lf,eos
TooSmall db "Can't have zero disk size.",cr,lf,lf,eos
BadOption db 'Unrecognized option encountered.',cr,lf,lf,eos
NoClicking db 'Clicking suppressed.',cr,lf,eos
; "Installed" marks the beginning of the information that is printed
; if the device is successfully installed. The beginning of each
; line has eight spaces, which are filled with the information by the
; BIN2DEC procedure. There is then one more space, so that the end
; of the number doesn't bump the first word... thus, a total of nine
; spaces begin the Installed, Installed2, and UsedSpace labels.
Installed db ' bytes available on RAM drive '
DriveName db '_:.',eos
InstalledB db cr,lf
Installed2 db ' bytes left in EMS storage.',cr,lf
UsedSpace db ' bytes of standard DOS memory were'
db ' taken.',cr,lf,lf
db eos
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; Init Subroutines
; The following area contains subroutines used by the INIT procedure of
; the device driver. They aren't kept in memory after the device has been
; installed.
; ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
; BIN2DEC
; This routine converts a binary number, in AX:BX, to decimal notation.
; It will convert up to 8 digits, and will supress leading zeros. The
; routine should be called with DS:SI set to point to the area to store
; the converted number.
Bin2Dec proc near
push es ; save the registers
push ds
push di
push si
mov WorkAreaL,bx
mov WorkAreaH,ax ; put the number on our scratchpad
mov ax,ds ; point to the answer with ES:DI
mov es,ax
mov di,si
add di,7
mov si,offset WorkAreaL ; point at scratchpad
Bin2DecLoop: push si
xor bx,bx ; done flag
mov cx,2 ; 2 words in our number
mov dx,bx ; clear remainder
add si,2 ; point to the high end
Bin2DecDigit: push cx ; save word count
mov ax,[si] ; get the digit
mov cx,10
div cx ; convert it
mov [si],ax ; store it back
or bx,ax ; set the done flag appropriately
sub si,2 ; point to next lower
pop cx
loop Bin2DecDigit
or dl,'0' ; make it into a decimal digit
mov [di],dl ; and store it
dec di ; adjust pointer
pop si ; get the pointer back
and bx,bx ; is the result zero?
jne Bin2DecLoop ; nope! Do more!
pop si ; retrieve the used registers
pop di
pop ds
pop es
ret
WorkAreaL dw 0 ; low end of the work area
WorkAreaH dw 0 ; high side of the work area
Bin2Dec endp
driver ends
end
; That's a wrap.
; Special thanks to Bob Brody and Dr File Finder~~~~~~~~~~~~.